Introduction  In the last ten years, some countries around the world have made headlines when tests revealed dangerously high lead levels in their drinking water. The result was a human health crisis that…

Introduction Sulfonic acids are those organosulfur compounds known to be strong acids; hence, their applications are wider in industries. Characterized by the functional group -SO₃H, these chemicals have wide applications in organic syntheses,…

Introduction  Industrial wastewater has become a serious threat to the global economy and human health over the past half-century. What makes the whole world focus on this global problem is the dangerous pollution…

Introduction Sustainability has become a global trend that all countries keep achieving, especially after the recent events that happened in previous years, such as water scarcity, disease, and burning forests. All of that…

 Introduction  Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is widely used in a wide variety of manufacturing processes. To ensure the quality of the goods these industries produce, it is necessary to measure and determine accurately the…

Introduction  Sludge Treatment in Egypr relies almost entirely on the Nile as a major water supplier with a rate of 97% and 3% other from groundwater and desalination of salt water. The percentage…

Introduction Water scarcity has become a global issue that is increasing continuously and significantly.  According to data, the World Resources Institute published nearly a quarter of the world’s population survives water stress. Because…

Introduction The amount of wastewater that agriculture and food production produce is one of the sectors that affect environmental pollution. This comes from the huge amount that agriculture and food production produce per…